Toxicity Evaluation of 6-Mercaptopurine Using Accelerated Cytotoxicity Mechanism Screening (ACMS) techniques

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran. Students Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

2 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

6- Mercaptopurine (6-MP) is widely used in clinic as an immunosuppressive for treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis with documented unpredictable hepatotoxicity. The potential molecular cytotoxic mechanisms of 6-MP against isolated rat hepatocytes were searched in this study using “Accelerated Cytotoxicity Mechanism Screening (ACMS)” techniques. The concentration of 6-MP required to cause 50% cytotoxicity in 2 hour at 37∘C was detected to be 400 µM. A significant increase in 6-MP induced cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, % mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), lysosomal damage was observed. The addition of chloroquine (lysosomotropic agent), L-carnitine (inhibitor of membrane permeability transition (MPT), Diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) as an inhibitor of production of superoxide and H2O2 by mitochondria and Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a radical scavenger decreased 6-MP-induced cytotoxicity, ROS formation, collapse of MMP, lysosomal damage. Results from this study suggest that 6-MP -induced cytotoxicity in isolated rat hepatocytes due to ROS formation, mitochondrial and lysosomal damages that resulted in crosstalk toxicity between mitochondrial and lysosomal damage and finally cell death.

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Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Volume 12, Issue 3
July 2016
Pages 65-74

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