UV Induced Biosynthesis of Cyano-sunscreen “Scytonemin” by Leptolyngbya mycodia and its Effectual Antioxidant Activity

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Biotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

10.22034/ijps.2022.540899.1931

Abstract

The indole-alkaloid scytonemin, an ecologically and pharmaceutically important secondary metabolite, is
exclusively biosynthesized by some cyanobacteria. Due to its photoprotective function and valuable antioxidant
capacity, this cyano-sunscreen may be of great value for production of natural sunscreen in cosmetic and other
pharmaceutical industries. As scytonemin is only produced by some cyanobacterial species, identification of novel
strains and verification of synthesis induction factors are important research areas. In the present study, using the
high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analyses, scytonemin was characterized (UVλmax (
at 370 nm; m/z 545) in two filamentous cyanobacteria: Leptolyngbya mycodia and Phormidium sp. Under
photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), L. mycodia revealed superior growth as well as scytonemin specific content
of 0.0427 (Aλ/mg d.w.). As one of the physicochemical stressors on regulation of scytonemin biosynthesis, the role
of UV irradiation in synthesis induction was examined. A remarkable change was observed on scytonemin specific
content under PUAB regime (280-700 nm) compared to PAR (400–700 nm). UV-B (280–315 nm) significantly
induced scytonemin synthesis up to 4.25 Aλ /mg d.w. while synthesis (2.31 Aλ/mg d.w.) to a lesser extent was
observed under UV-A (315-400 nm). Moreover, present study confirmed the role of extracted scytonemin as an
active antioxidant, indicating its strong radical scavenging (IC50=48.84%) with relatively high (61%) antioxidant
rate at concentration of 200 μg/l. This is the first report on the UV-induced scytonemin biosynthesis by
cyanobacterium L. mycodia and its remarkable antioxidant activity is of great value for future biotechnological
research and development of natural sunscreens

Keywords

Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Volume 18, Issue 1
January 2022
Pages 19-33

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